Dental and Medical Problems

Dent Med Probl
Index Copernicus (ICV 2021) – 132.50
MEiN – 70 pts
CiteScore (2021) – 2.0
JCI (2021) – 0.5
Average rejection rate (2022) – 79.69%
ISSN 1644-387X (print)
ISSN 2300-9020 (online)
Periodicity – quarterly

Download PDF

Dental and Medical Problems

2016, vol. 53, nr 4, October-December, p. 454–458

doi: 10.17219/dmp/64583

Publication type: original article

Language: English

Download citation:

  • BIBTEX (JabRef, Mendeley)
  • RIS (Papers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero)

Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 3.0 Open Access

Salivary Profile and Dental Status in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Descriptive Study

Profile ślinowe i stan jamy ustnej u dzieci z wrodzonymi wadami serca – badanie opisowe

Hamed Mortazavi1,A,D, Kowsar Livani1,B, Maryam Baharvand1,E,F

1 Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background. Congenital heart disease is one of the most common developmental anomalies. Saliva plays a crucial role in the oral ecosystem. Due to bicarbonate ion serving as a buffering system, saliva neutralizes acidity of the oral cavity to prevent dental problems.
Objectives. This study aimed to determine salivary parameters and dental status of children with congenital heart disease and in comparison with to healthy subjects.
Material and Methods. This descriptive study compared 40 patients aged 7–11 years with verified diagnosis of congenital heart disease with 40 healthy children in terms of salivary calcium, phosphorus, secretory IgA, pH, and the flow rate as well as first permanent molar DMFT. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected by means of the spitting method. The salivary flow rate was measured in mL/min. A pH meter and specialized kits were used to measure pH and salivary parameters respectively. Students’ t-test was utilized to compare variables between groups.
Results. Eighty children, 37 (46.25%) boys and 43 (53.75%) girls, were studied with the mean age of 8.33 ± 1.14. There was no significant difference in relation to the age and sex between groups. However, patients had significantly lower body mass index (p = 0.005) and frequency of daily tooth brushing (p = 0.02) than controls. Patients showed significantly lower salivary flow rate (p = 0.0001), pH (p = 0.02), phosphorus (p = 0.01), and secretory IgA (p = 0.0001) than controls. On the other hand, the level of salivary calcium was not significantly different between groups (p = 0.29). In regard to the dental status, DMFT of the first permanent molars was significantly higher in patients than controls (p = 0.05).
Conclusion. Salivary flow rate, pH, phosphorus, and secretory IgA were significantly diminished in children with congenital heart disease, who had worse dental status as compared to controls.

Key words

children, saliva, oral, congenital heart defect

Słowa kluczowe

dzieci, ślina, jama ustna, wrodzona wada serca

References (23)

  1. Van der Linde D., Konings E.E., Slager M.A., Witsenburg M., Helbing W.A., Takkenberg J.J., Roos-Hesselink J.W.: Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2011, 58, 2241–2247.
  2. Gilboa S.M., Salemi J.L., Nembhard W.N., Fixler D.E., Correa A.: Mortality resulting from congenital heart disease among children and adults in the United States, 1999 to 2006. Circulation, 2010, 122, 2254–2263.
  3. Rosén L., Rydberg A., Sjöström I., Stecksén-Blicks C.: Saliva profiles in children using heart failure medication: A pilot study. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. 2010, 11,187–191.
  4. Rai K., Supriya S., Hegde A.M.: Oral health status of children with congenital heart disease and the awareness, attitude and knowledge of their parents. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent. 2009, 33, 315–318.
  5. Leone C.W., Oppenheim F.G.: Physical and chemical aspects of saliva as indicators of risk for dental caries in humans. J. Dent. Educ. 2001, 65, 1054–1062.
  6. Grahn K., Wikström S., Nyman L., Rydberg A., Stecksén-Blicks C.: Attitudes about dental care among parents whose children suffer from severe congenital heart disease: A case-control study. Int. J. Paediatr. Dent. 2006, 16, 231–238.
  7. Hegde A.M., Kavita R., Sushma K.S., Suchetha S.: Salivary sialic acid levels and dental health in children with congenital heart disease. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent. 2012, 36, 293–296.
  8. Khan A.A.: The permanent first molar as an indicator for predicting caries activity. Int. Dent. J. 1994, 44, 623–627.
  9. Becker T., Levin L., Shochat T., Einy S.: How much does the DMFT index underestimate the need for restorative care? J. Dent. Educ. 2007, 71, 677–681.
  10. Franco E., Saunders C.P., Roberts G.J., Suwanprasit A.: Dental disease, caries related microflora and salivary IgA of children with severe congenital cardiac disease: An epidemiological and oral microbial survey. Pediatr. Dent. 1996, 18, 228–235.
  11. Selwitz R.H., Ismail A.I., Pitts N.B.: Dental caries. Lancet, 2007, 369, 51–59.
  12. Foster H., Fitzgerald J.: Dental disease in children with chronic illness. Arch. Dis. Child. 2005, 90, 703–708.
  13. Chew M.L., Mulsant B.H., Pollock B.G., Lehman M.E., Greenspan A., Mahmoud R.A., Kirshner M.A., Sorisio D.A., Bies R.R., Gharabawi G.: Anticholinergic activity of 107 medications commonly used by older adults. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2008, 56, 1333–1341.
  14. Femiano F., Lanza A., Buonaiuto C., Gombos F., Rullo R., Festa V., Cirillo N.: Oral manifestations of adverse drug reactions: Guidelines. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venerol. 2008, 22, 681–691.
  15. Vaidyanathan B., Nair S.B., Sundaram K.R., Babu U.K., Shivaprakasha K., Rao S.G., Kumar R.K.: Malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease [CHD] determinants and short term impact of corrective intervention. Indian. Pediatr. 2008, 45, 541–546.
  16. Hallett K.B., Radford D.J., Seow W.K.: Oral health of children with congenital cardiac diseases: A controlled study. Pediatr. Dent. 1992, 14, 224–230.
  17. Pollard M.A., Curzon M.E.J.: Dental health and salivary Streptococcus mutans levels in a group of children with heart defects. Int. Pediatr. Dent. 1992, 2, 81–85.
  18. Tasioula V., Balmer R., Parsons J.: Dental health and treatment in a group of children with congenital heart disease. Pediatr. Dent. 2008, 30, 323–328.
  19. Ajami B., Abolfathi G., Mahmoudi E., Mohammadzadeh Z.: Evaluation of salivary Streptococcus mutans and dental caries in children with heart diseases. J. Dent. Res. Dent. Clin. Dent. Prospects 2015, 9, 105–108.
  20. Pimentel E.L., Azevedo V.M., Castro R.A., Reis L.C., De Lorenzo A.: Caries experience in young children with congenital heart disease in a developing country. Braz. Oral Res. 2013, 27, 103–108.
  21. Garg S.A., Thosar N.R., Baliga S.M., Bhatiya P.V.: Estimation of salivary nitric oxide levels in children with congenital heart diseases. Indian J. Dent. 2015, 6, 65–68.
  22. Saunders C.P., Roberts G.J.: Dental attitudes, knowledge, and health practices of parents of children with congenital heart disease. Arch. Dis. Child. 1997, 76, 539–540.
  23. Neves B.G., Farah A., Lucas E., de Sousa V.P., Maia L.C.: Are paediatric medicines risk factors for dental caries and dental erosion? Community Dent. Health 2010, 27, 46–51.
© Wroclaw Medical University