Dental and Medical Problems

Dent Med Probl
Index Copernicus (ICV 2021) – 132.50
MEiN – 70 pts
CiteScore (2021) – 2.0
JCI (2021) – 0.5
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ISSN 1644-387X (print)
ISSN 2300-9020 (online)
Periodicity – quarterly

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Dental and Medical Problems

2016, vol. 53, nr 3, July-September, p. 413–418

doi: 10.17219/dmp/62964

Publication type: review article

Language: English

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Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 3.0 Open Access

Genetic Aspects of Dental Caries

Genetyczne aspekty próchnicy

Joanna Kobierska-Brzoza1,A,B,C,D, Urszula Kaczmarek1,A,B,E,F

1 Department of Conservative and Pediatric Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland

Abstract

Dental caries still remain one of the most prevalent infectious diseases, affecting populations and individuals unequivocally. It is observed that people with similar behavioral risk present different caries rates. Susceptibility to caries results from both the host and environmental factors that complement each other and may result in increased incidence of caries or greater resistance to it. Numerous studies of twins, families and animal models initiated in the early decades of the previous century provided strong evidence for the genetic component of dental caries development. The succeeding research, identifying specific genes and genetic markers and confirming the genetic correlation of dental caries, explained the reasons behind the greater susceptibility to caries in some diseases like Epidermolysis bullosa. Many inherited determinants are well established. The most recognizable are the structure of the hard dental tissue, tooth morphology including depth of occlusal fissures and surface characteristic of the enamel, time of eruption, alignment of the teeth in dental arches, flow rate of the saliva and its constituents, immunologic response to cariogenic microorganisms in oral cavity. An important role is also played by inherited thresholds for tastes and smells, which affect taste preferences and thus dietary habits and activity of specific enzymes participating in regulation processes on various stages of development and subsequent physiologic functioning of the organism. The knowledge of genetic basis of caries will enable us to identify high-risk groups and provide them with targeted screening, preventive measures and interventional strategies.

Key words

genetics, dental caries, genes

Słowa kluczowe

genetyka, próchnica, geny

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