Dental and Medical Problems

Dent Med Probl
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ISSN 1644-387X (print)
ISSN 2300-9020 (online)
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Dental and Medical Problems

2014, vol. 51, nr 3, July-September, p. 318–329

Publication type: original article

Language: Polish

License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)

Zabiegi z zakresu profesjonalnej profilaktyki w różnych systemach opieki stomatologicznej u dzieci z grupy wysokiego ryzyka próchnicy na podstawie badań w Malmö, Szczecinie i Atenach

Professional Oral Prophylactic Procedures in Different Oral Health Care Systems Performed in High Caries-Risk Groups of Children on the Basis of the Study in Malmö, Szczecin and Athens

Marta Milona1,A,B,C,D, Zbigniew Szych2,C,D, Tomasz Olszowski1,E,F

1 Zakład Higieny i Epidemiologii, Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Szczecin, Polska

2 Samodzielna Pracownia Informatyki Medycznej i Badań Jakości Kształcenia, Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Szczecinie, Szczecin, Polska

Streszczenie

Wprowadzenie. Rozwój profesjonalnej profilaktyki kariologicznej jest związany z dużą redukcją próchnicy w rozwiniętych krajach. Masowe i grupowe metody profilaktyki są zastępowane celowanymi działaniami ukierunkowanymi na potrzeby konkretnych pacjentów.
Cel pracy. Określenie rodzaju zabiegów profesjonalnej profilaktyki i częstości ich wykonywania przez personel stomatologiczny u dzieci z grupy dużego ryzyka próchnicy w różnych systemach opieki stomatologicznej.
Materiał i metody. Ankietę dotyczącą profesjonalnej profilaktyki realizowanej w gabinecie wypełniło 160 stomatologów wybranych losowo spośród świadczących usługi dzieciom: 55 z Malmö, 52 ze Szczecina i 53 z Aten. Pytania odnosiły się do zakresu i częstości wykonywania u przyjmowanych w gabinecie dzieci zabiegów z profilaktyki profesjonalnej: testów ślinowych i bakteriologicznych, oceny stanu higieny jamy ustnej określonymi wskaźnikami, profesjonalnego oczyszczania zębów, fluorowania kontaktowego, udzielania instruktażu higieny oraz porad dietetycznych w zapobieganiu próchnicy.
Wyniki. Najchętniej do oceny higieny jamy ustnej u dzieci stomatolodzy wykorzystywali wybarwianie płytki nazębnej. U wszystkich dzieci z grupy dużego ryzyka próchnicy częściej wykonywali je stomatolodzy z Malmö (58%, p = 0,004) i z Aten (58%, p = 0,005) w porównaniu do stomatologów ze Szczecina (28%). Profesjonalne oczyszczanie zębów u dzieci z grupy dużego ryzyka próchnicy najczesciej wykonywali stomatolodzy z Aten (92%). Istotnie rzadziej robili to stomatolodzy z Malmö (75%, p = 0,03) i ze Szczecina (40%, p = 0,001). Fluorokowanie kontaktowe wykonywali istotnie częściej stomatolodzy z Malmö (89%) i Aten (80%) niż stomatolodzy ze Szczecina (34%) (p = 0,001).
Wnioski. Wyniki badań wskazują na małą deklarowaną częstość wykonywania zabiegów z profilaktyki profesjonalnej próchnicy zębów u dzieci z grupy dużego ryzyka mieszkających w Szczecinie. Jest to prawdopodobnie związane z błędem w systemie opieki, który nie gwarantuje stomatologicznych programów profilaktycznych adekwatnych do potrzeb w populacji dzieci i młodzieży. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują na konieczność pilnego wdrożenia i realizacji programów profilaktyki przeciwpróchnicowej u dzieci w Szczecinie.

Abstract

Background. The development of professional oral prophylaxis is associated with dental caries reduction in developed countries.
Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess types and frequencies of declared professional oral prophylactic procedures performed by the dental staff in high caries-risk groups of children in different oral health care systems.
Material and Methods. The survey questionnaire referring to professional oral prophylaxis performed in dental office was completed by 160 dentists randomly selected: 55 from Malmö, 52 from Szczecin and 53 from Athens. The items in the questionnaire referred to the range and frequencies of professional oral prophylactic procedures performed in children, including: saliva and bacteriological tests, oral hygiene assessment with the use of chosen indexes, professional tooth cleaning, contact tooth fluoridation, oral hygiene instruction and dietetic counseling in caries prevention.
Results. The plaque disclosing agents were most frequently used by dentists for the assessment of childrens’ oral hygiene. Dentists from Malmö (58%; p = 0.004) and Athens (58%; p = 0.005) were more likely to perform this procedure than dentists from Szczecin (28%) in children with high risk of caries. Professional tooth cleaning was performed most frequently by dentists from Athens (92%), significantly less frequently – by dentists from Malmö (75%; p = 0.03) and those from Szczecin (40%; p = 0.001). Contact tooth fluoridation was performed significantly much more frequently by dentists from Malmö (89%) and Athens (80%) than by dentists from Szczecin (34%; p = 0.001).
Conclusion. The results of this study point to the low declared frequency of professional caries prophylactic methods performed in children at high caries risk in Szczecin. This is probably associated with failure in oral health care system, which does not guarantee the prophylactic programs adequate to the needs of the population of children and adolescents. The study results indicate the need for urgent implementation of caries prophylactic programs for children in Szczecin.

Słowa kluczowe

dzieci, profilaktyka profesjonalna, próchnica zębów

Key words

children, dental caries, professional oral prophylaxis

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