Dental and Medical Problems

Dent Med Probl
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Dental and Medical Problems

2012, vol. 49, nr 4, October-December, p. 567–575

Publication type: review

Language: English

License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)

Localized Aggressive Periodontitis – Diagnostics, Epidemiology, Etiopathogenesis

Umiejscowione agresywne zapalenie przyzębia – diagnostyka, występowanie, etiopatogeneza

Maria Wiernicka-Menkiszak1,A,D,E, Elżbieta Dembowska1,A,D, Renata Samulak-Zielińska2,E,F

1 Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian University, Szczecin, Poland

2 University Dental Clinic, Pomeranian University, Szczecin, Poland

Abstract

Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) is a very characteristic clinical entity. Numerous changes in the classification and naming of this periodontal disease over the last 35 years have not fundamentally changed its diagnostic criteria. Most of the research confirms the important role of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the etiopathogenesis of LAgP, especially the JP2 clone. Family history of the disease and racial differences suggest the influence of genetic factors. Research on the effects of the individual polymorphisms of genes involved in the regulation of the immune system does not give a clear answer on the relationship between polymorphisms of genes encoding various types of protein-modifying immune processes and the initiation and course of localized aggressive periodontitis. What is certain is that there is impaired chemotaxis and phagocytosis. The question remains whether these abnormalities are primary or are caused by the influence of an infectious agent. Nowadays, it is suspected that reduced production of defensins by the epithelial cells of the gingival sulcus plays a crucial role in the formation of LAgP. The aim of this study was to gather information on the diagnosis, prevalence and etiology of localized aggressive periodontitis based on the state of the art.

Streszczenie

Umiejscowione agresywne zapalenie przyzębia (LAgP) jest bardzo charakterystyczną jednostką kliniczną. Liczne przekształcenia klasyfikacji i nazewnictwa chorób przyzębia w okresie ostatnich 35 lat nie zmieniły zasadniczo kryteriów diagnostycznych dla tej jednostki chorobowej. Większość badań potwierdza istotną rolę Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans w etiopatogezie LAgP, zwłaszcza jego klonu JP2. Rodzinne występowanie choroby i różnice rasowe przemawiają za wpływem czynników genetycznych. Badania nad wpływem polimorfizmu pojedynczych genów związanych z regulacją czynności układu immunologicznego nie dają jednoznacznej odpowiedzi na temat związku polimorfizmu genów kodujących poszczególne rodzaje białek modyfikujących procesy immunologiczne z powstawaniem i przebiegiem umiejscowionego agresywnego zapalenia przyzębia. Zjawiskami pewnymi są zaburzenia chemotaksji i fagocytozy. Przedmiotem dyskusji pozostaje fakt, czy zaburzenia te mają charakter pierwotny, czy są wywołane wpływem czynnika infekcyjnego. Pewną rolę w powstawaniu LAgP przypisuje się obecnie zmniejszonemu wydzielaniu defensyw, wytwarzanych przez komórki nabłonka kieszonki dziąsłowej. Celem pracy było zebranie informacji na temat diagnostyki, częstości występowania i etiopatogenezy umiejscowionego agresywnego zapalenia przyzębia na podstawie współczesnego stanu wiedzy.

Key words

localized aggressive periodontitis, diagnosis, prevalence, etiology

Słowa kluczowe

agresywne umiejscowione zapalenie przyzębia, diagnostyka, występowanie, etiopatogeneza

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