Dental and Medical Problems

Dent Med Probl
Impact Factor (IF 2023) – 2.7
Scopus CiteScore (2023) – 4.0
Index Copernicus (ICV 2022) – 134.48
MNiSW – 70 pts
Average rejection rate (2023) – 82.91%
ISSN 1644-387X (print)
ISSN 2300-9020 (online)
Periodicity – bimonthly


 

Download original text (EN)

Dental and Medical Problems

2012, vol. 49, nr 4, October-December, p. 487–494

Publication type: editorial

Language: English

License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)

The Methods and Metering Equipment Used for Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Photopolymerization Process

Metody i urządzenia pomiarowe oceniające skuteczność procesu fotopolimeryzacji

Elżbieta Jodkowska1,A-F

1 Department of Conservative, Dentistry Medical University of Warsaw, Poland

Abstract

The apparatus emitting polymerizing light has been developed concurrently with the modernisation and the improvement of composite materials. Polymerization lamps differ from each other in many respects depending on the course of photopolymerization process. This process is influenced by many factors such as: the monomer’s structure and functionality, composition and properties of resins, the temperature of the reaction, the presence of the oxygen, viscosity etc. The intensity of the light of photopolymerization lamps gradually decreases so it should be checked with the special metering equipment: radiometers, testers fixed in polymerization lamps, thermopiles. Devices evaluating the polymerization process can assess, for example, remains of unreacted form of the monomer and real-time physicochemical changes: loss of function groups responsible for polymerization, photocrosslinking, polimerization shrinkage, index of light refraction.

Streszczenie

Wraz z modernizacją i doskonaleniem materiałów złożonych produkuje się coraz lepsze urządzenia emitujące światło, czyli lampy polimeryzacyjne. Lampy polimeryzacyjne różnią się między sobą wieloma cechami. Cechy te decydują o przebiegu procesu fotopolimeryzacji, który zależy od wielu czynników, takich jak: struktura monomeru i jego funkcyjność, skład i właściwości żywic, temperatura reakcji, obecność tlenu, lepkość itp. Intensywność światła lamp polimeryzacyjnych stale się zwiększa, należy je sprawdzać za pomocą specjalnych urządzeń pomiarowych, takich jak: radiometry, testery wmontowane w lampy polimeryzacyjne, termostosy. Do oceny procesu fotopolimeryzacyjnego służą urządzenia określające np.: pozostałości nieprzereagowanego monomeru, monitorowanie w czasie rzeczywistym zmian fizykochemicznych, np. zaniku grup funkcyjnych odpowiedzialnych za polimeryzację, przebieg procesu fotosieciowania, pomiar skurczu polimeryzacyjnego, pomiar zmian współczynnika załamania światła.

Key words

photopolymerization, curing lamps, light intensity, measuring instruments, test methods of the photopolymerization process

Słowa kluczowe

fotopolimeryzacja, lampy polimeryzacyjne, intensywność światła, urządzenia pomiarowe, metody badania procesu fotopolimeryzacji

References (25)

  1. Collins C.J., Bryant R.W., Hodge K.L.V.: A clinical evaluation of posterior composite resin restorations 8-year findings. J. Dent. 1998, 26, 311–317.
  2. Nordbo H., Leirskar J., von der Fehr F.R.: Saucer-shaped cavity preparation for posterior approximal resin composite restorations: Observations up to 10 years. Quintessence Int. 1998, 29, 5–11.
  3. Van Meerbeeck B., van Landuyt K., de Munck J., Hashimoto M., Peumans M., Lambrechts P., Yoshida Y., Inoue S., Suzuki K.: Technique-sensitivity of contemporary adhesives. Dent. Mater. J. 2005, 24, 1–13.
  4. Hadis M.A., Shortall A.C., Palin W.M.: Competitive light absorbers in photoactive dental resin-based materials. Dent. Mater. 2012, 28, 891–841.
  5. Alvim H.H., Alecio A.C., Vasconcellos W.A., Furlan M., de Oliveira J.E., Saad J.R.C.: Analysis of camphoroquinone in composite resins as a function of shade. Dent. Mater. 2007, 23, 1245–1249.
  6. Kilian R.J.: Visible light cured composite. Dependence of cure on light intensity. J. Dent. Res. 1979, 58, 243–250.
  7. ISO 4049:2000(3) Dentistry-polymer-based filling restorative and luting materials. 7.10 Depth of cure, Class 2 materials International Organization for Standarization, 2000.
  8. Anseth K.S., Kline L.M., Walker T., Anderson K.J., Bowman C.N.: Reaction kinetics and volume relaxation during polymerization of multiethylene glycol dimethacrylates. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 2491–2499.
  9. Shobha H.K., Sankarapandian M., Sun Y., Kalachandra S., Mc Grath J.E.: Effect of dilution on the kinetics of cross-linking thermal polymerization of dental composite matrix resin. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 1997, 8, 583–586.
  10. Trujillo M., Newman M., Stansbury J.W.: Use of near-JR to monitor the influence of external heating on dental composite photopolymerization. Dent. Mater. 2004, 20, 766–777.
  11. Elliott J.E., Bowman C.N.: Effects of solvent quality during polymerization on network structure of cross-linked methacrylate copolymers. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 2843–2847.
  12. Belvedere P.C.: Contemporary posterior direct composites using state-of-the-art techniques. Dent. Clin. N. Am. 2001, 45, 1, 49–70.
  13. Hanning M., Bott B.: In vitro pulp chamber temperature rise during composite resin polymerization with various light-curing sources. Dent. Mater. 1999, 15, 4, 275–281.
  14. Andrzejewska E.: Photopolymerization kinetics of multifunctional monomers. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2001, 26, 605–665.
  15. Ravve A.: Principles of Polymer Chemistry. Ed. 2, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York 2000.
  16. Ye Q., Wang Y., Williams K., Spencer P.: Characterization of photopolymerization of dentin adhesives as a function of light source and irradiance. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B A ppl. Biomater. 2007, 80, 2, 440–446.
  17. Friedman J.: Variability of lamp characteristic in dental curing lights. J. Esthet. Dent. 1989, 1, 189–190.
  18. Wagner L., Trykowski J., Joniak K., Miazek-Wagner M.: An experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of polymerization of dental materials using visible light-curing lamps. Part I. Preliminary report. Magazyn Stomat. 1992, 10, 16, 20–23.
  19. Wagner L., Trykowski J., Joniak K., Miazek-Wagner M.: An experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of polymerization of dental materials using visible light-curing lamps. Part II. Preliminary report. Magazyn Stomat. 1994, 3, 33, 14–16.
  20. Singh T.K., Ataide I., Fernandes M., Lambor R.T.: Light curing devices. J. Orofac. Res. 2011, 1, 1, 15–19.
  21. De Lima F.A., Bachmann L.: Spectroradiometry applied to dental composite light curing. Appl. Spetroscopy Rev. 2012, 47, 256–271.
  22. Rueggeberg F.A.: Precision of hand-held dental radiometers. Quintessence Int. 1993, 24, 391–396.
  23. Rueggeberg F.A.: An expert`s buying guide for curing lights. ADA professional product review. 2009, 4 pp 13–16.
  24. Hansen E.K., Asmussen E.: Reliability of three dental radiometers. Scand. J. Dent. Res. 1993, 101, 115–119.
  25. Felix C.A., Price R.B.: The effect of distance from light source on light intensity from curing lights. J. Adhes. Dent. 2003, 5, 283–291.
© Wroclaw Medical University