Dental and Medical Problems

Dent Med Probl
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Dental and Medical Problems

2012, vol. 49, nr 3, July-September, p. 329–335

Publication type: editorial

Language: English

License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)

Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms of Root Resorption – a Literature-Based Study

Genetyczne i molekularne mechanizmy resorpcji korzeni zębów – na podstawie piśmiennictwa

Sylwia Majewska-Beśka1,D,E,F, Joanna Szczepańska2,A,D

1 Postgraduate studies, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Poland

2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Poland

Abstract

Resorption is a common condition in dentistry. The etiology of this process is multifactorial, and not completely examined. It is known that factors such as inflammatory conditions, individual predispositions, such as root morphology and external conditions, the forces used during orthodontic treatment, influence the origin of this process. Current research puts particular emphasis on cellular and molecular mechanisms and the role of genetic factors in the evaluation of resorption. The aim of the study was to review the literature concerning the molecular and genetic factors underlying the resorption process of bone and mineralized tissues of teeth, in the context of physiological deciduous teeth resorption, and pathological resorption as a consequence of orthodontic treatment. Based on current knowledge, although it is not possible to precisely predict whether mineralized dental tissue influenced by pathological conditions is prone to resorption, it is possible to assume that such an eventuality is a risk factor to be taken into consideration. The mechanism of dental hard tissue resorption is similar to that which occurs in bone tissue. Research into molecular and genetic resorption mechanisms may be useful in the future prevention or treatment of the ongoing resorption process.

Streszczenie

Resorpcja jest zjawiskiem powszechnie spotykanym w stomatologii. Etiologia tego procesu jest wieloczynnikowa i nie do końca poznana. Wiadomo, że wpływ na jej powstawanie mają czynniki zapalne, predyspozycje osobnicze, takie jak np. morfologia korzeni i czynniki zewnętrzne, np. siły użyte podczas leczenia ortodontycznego. Obecnie coraz częściej zwraca się uwagę na komórkowe i molekularne mechanizmy oraz rolę czynników genetycznych w procesie rozwoju resorpcji. Celem pracy było omówienie mechanizmów molekularnych i genetycznych leżących u podstaw procesów resorpcji tkanki kostnej i tkanek zmineralizowanych zębów w aspekcie fizjologicznej resorpcji zębów mlecznych oraz resorpcji patologicznej będącej wynikiem leczenia ortodontycznego – na podstawie piśmiennictwa. Opierając się na obecnej wiedzy, nie można dokładnie przewidzieć, czy tkanki zmineralizowane zębów pod wpływem procesów niefizjologicznych zostaną dotknięte resorpcją. Biorąc jednak pod uwagę czynniki ryzyka, można określić takie prawdopodobieństwo. Mechanizm resorpcji twardych tkanek zęba jest podobny do procesu występującego w tkance kostnej. Badania nad molekularnymi i genetycznymi mechanizmami resorpcji mogą pomóc w przyszłości w jej zapobieganiu lub ustaleniu skutecznej terapii już istniejącego procesu patologicznego.

Key words

root resorption, bone resorption, genetic factors, osteoclasts, odontoclasts

Słowa kluczowe

resorpcja korzenia, resorpcja kości, czynniki genetyczne, osteoklasty, odontoklasty

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